EDM Electrical Discharge Machine
During the discharge process of the die sinker machine, when the gap between the electrode and the workpiece is reduced to a certain distance, the On time applied to the electrode and the workpiece breaks down the medium (spark oil), forming a discharge channel and starting the discharge of sparks.
- Product Introduction
Detailed introduction of EDM machine tool products
一, Overview and Core Principles
EDM, The full name is Electrical Discharge Machining, commonly referred to as electrical discharge machining or electrical discharge machining in Chinese. It is a non-traditional special processing technology.
1. Core principle: Utilizing the instantaneous and localized high temperature generated by pulsed spark discharge between the tool electrode (referred to as the electrode) and the workpiece electrode (referred to as the workpiece) immersed in a working fluid (usually kerosene or deionized water) to corrode the workpiece material, thereby achieving the purpose of dimensional machining of the workpiece.
The key conditions for achieving electrical discharge machining are:
1. A certain gap: A small discharge gap (usually several micrometers to tens of micrometers) must be maintained between the tool electrode and the workpiece.
2. Pulse power supply: Pulse power supply must be used to provide instantaneous, high-frequency voltage between gaps.
3. Insulation medium: The two poles must be filled with insulating working fluid to facilitate the generation of pulsed spark discharge, cooling, and chip removal.
二, Main types
EDM machine tools are mainly divided into three categories, which have the same principle but different application methods and scenarios.
1. Numerical Control EDM Forming Machine
Also known as traditional EDM or cavity EDM.
Working principle: Using pre formed three-dimensional electrodes (usually made of graphite or copper) that complement the required cavity shape of the workpiece, the corresponding cavity, die, or three-dimensional surface is replicated on the workpiece through vertical servo feed.
Processing process:
The workpiece and electrode are immersed in the working fluid.
The electrode servo feed reaches the discharge gap with the workpiece.
Through thousands of repeated discharges, the shape of the electrode is' replicated 'onto the workpiece.
Features:
Proficient in processing complex three-dimensional cavities and molds .
The design and manufacturing of electrodes are crucial and costly.
Usually one electrode is required for rough machining, and another or more electrodes are required for precision machining.
2. CNC wire cutting machine
This is the most widely used type of EDM.
Working principle: Using a continuously moving metal wire as the tool electrode, the workpiece moves along the trajectory set by the CNC program to cut the desired two-dimensional contour.
Processing process:
The metal wire starts from the wire supply tube, passes through the threading hole on the workpiece, passes through the guide, and is finally recovered by the wire collection tube.
The workpiece is fixed on the CNC worktable and moves within the X-Y plane.
The discharge occurs between the moving metal wire and the workpiece, cutting like a 'live wire saw'.
Features:
No need to manufacture complex shaped electrodes, greatly reducing preparation time and costs.
Mainly used for processing various straight wall two-dimensional profiles and tapered parts on stamping molds, templates, and precision parts.
It is divided into fast wire (higher speed, slightly lower accuracy), slow wire (lower speed, higher accuracy, good surface quality), and medium wire (upgraded version of fast wire, improving accuracy through multiple cuts).
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